![]() ![]() Although he was just 36 years old, Holland was a well-known expert in underwater tunnel construction, having designed four subway tunnels across the East River including the IRT Clark Street Tunnel (2 and 3 trains), the BMT 14th Street Tunnel (L train), the BMT 60th Street Tunnel (N, R, and W trains), and the BMT Montague Street Tunnel (M and R trains). The commissions would later concur that a bridge was not economically feasible due to the long span that would be required to cross the Hudson River, the deep foundations that would be needed to reach bedrock, and the lengthy approaches would necessitate the purchase of large amounts of real estate.Ĭlifford Milburn Holland was appointed as chief engineer of the tunnel project and began work on June 15, 1919. In 1913, Davies estimated the cost of a tunnel at $10 million, compared to $50 million for a bridge in the same location. Vipond Davies ( president of the ASCE New York Section in 1921-1922) was an early proponent of a tunnel from Canal Street in Manhattan to 13th Street in Jersey City. While initial proposals called for a bridge, J. Plans for the Hudson River crossing began in 1906 with the appointment of joint commissions in New York and New Jersey to construct one or more bridges between New York City and New Jersey. Once described as the "Eighth Wonder of the World," at the time of completion it was the longest underwater vehicular tunnel, the first tunnel constructed with a ventilation system specifically designed to handle automobile and truck exhaust fumes, and had the largest tube width-twin tubes at 29.5 feet (9 m) in diameter, setting the standard for other vehicular tunnels throughout the world that followed. The Holland Tunnel opened in 1927 as the first underwater vehicular crossing of the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City, New Jersey. ![]() The Holland Tunnel was the longest underwater vehicular tunnel in the world when it opened. ![]()
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